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C#: Three Pillars

Encapsulation

Encapsulation helps hide complexity. There are five access modifier.

• Public: Any public member can be accessed from outside the class.
• Private: Only functions of the same class can access its private members.
• Protected: Allows a child class to access the members of its base class. (Inheritance)
• Internal: Allows a class to expose its members to other functions and objects in the current assembly.
• Protected internal: Allows a class to hide its members from other class, except a child class within the same application.

public HelloWorld() { ... }

private string _name;

private List<float> names;

Inheritance

Inheritance is a technique where you can define a relationship between two classes such that one class takes on or inherites the memebers of another class. so if class A has one method, DoWork, then class B can also have that same method, just by inheriting from class A and not writing any additional code, but reusing the code already in the first class. If class B wanted to have an additional method, it can.

public class A
{
    public void DoWork
    {
        // code here...
    }
}

public class B : A
{
    // code here...
}

public class C : B
{
    // code here...
}

Polymorphism

Polymorphism == many sharpes.

• One variable can point to different types of objects
• Objects can behave differently depending on their types

public class A
{
    public virtual void DoWork()
    {
        // code here...
    }
}

public class B : A
{
    public override void DoWork()
    {
        // optionally call into base...
        base.DoWork();
    }
}